Along with socially regressive thoughts in Manu smriti, there are also good thoughts. Hurting a Shudra infact one does not become a Brahmin as per Manu Himself. Check this verse 10.63 from Manusmriti:
अहिंसा सत्यमस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रहः ।
एतं सामासिकं धर्मं चातुर्वर्ण्येऽब्रवीन् मनुः ॥ ६३ ॥
ahiṃsā satyamasteyaṃ śaucamindriyanigrahaḥ |
etaṃ sāmāsikaṃ dharmaṃ cāturvarṇye’bravīn manuḥ || 63 ||
Abstention from injuring (अहिंसा), truthfulness (सत्य), abstention from unlawful appropriation, purity and control of the sense-organs,—this Manu has declared to be the sum and substance of duty for the four castes (including Brahmins those who torture Dalits for no reasons).—(63)
Manusmriti Verse 4.245
उत्तमानुत्तमानेव गच्छन् हीनांस्तु वर्जयन् ।
ब्राह्मणः श्रेष्ठतामेति प्रत्यवायेन शूद्रताम् ॥ २४५ ॥
uttamānuttamāneva gacchan hīnāṃstu varjayan |
brāhmaṇaḥ śreṣṭhatāmeti pratyavāyena śūdratām || 245 ||
Having recourse to superior kinds of people, and avoiding the inferior kinds, the Brāhmaṇa attains eminence; by the contrary procedure, he becomes a Śūdra.—(245)
Note: So Brahminism is not by birth. Even a Brahmin who had bad friends will be downgraded to lower caste.
Verse 2.238
श्रद्दधानः शुभां विद्यामाददीतावरादपि ।
अन्यादपि परं धर्मं स्त्रीरत्नं दुष्कुलादपि ॥ २३८ ॥
śraddadhānaḥ śubhāṃ vidyāmādadītāvarādapi |
anyādapi paraṃ dharmaṃ strīratnaṃ duṣkulādapi || 238 ||
One imbued with faith may acquire excellent learning even from a lowly person, special law even from the lowest, and the gem of a wife even from a base family.—(238)
Note: This verse of Manu Smriti says that a Brahmin have to acquire knowledge even from a lower caste or a women. Why does Manu Smriti says like this if he wants to control the rights of Shudras?
Verse 2.239
विषादप्यमृतं ग्राह्यं बालादपि सुभाषितम् ।
अमित्रादपि सद्वृत्तममेध्यादपि काञ्चनम् ॥ २३९ ॥
viṣādapyamṛtaṃ grāhyaṃ bālādapi subhāṣitam |
amitrādapi sadvṛttamamedhyādapi kāñcanam || 239 ||
Nectar mat be taken even from poison, good advice even from a child; good conduct (may be learnt) even from a foe; and gold (mat be taken) even from an impure source.—(239)
स्त्रियो रत्नान्यथो विद्या धर्मः शौचं सुभाषितम् ।
विविधानि च शिल्पानि समादेयानि सर्वतः ॥ २४० ॥
Note: This shows the broadmindedness one has to have.
Here is the Vedic verse which prescribes punishment for those who do injustice and cruelty and brutality to shudras and woman:
Atharva Veda 10.1.3
शू॒द्रकृ॑ता॒ राज॑कृता॒ स्त्रीकृ॑ता ब्र॒ह्मभिः॑ कृ॒ता। जा॒या पत्या॑ नु॒त्तेव॑ क॒र्तारं॒ बन्ध्वृ॑च्छतु ॥
Those evildoers who oppress Shudras, Kshatriyas, women and scholars, the king should bind them in the same way as an adulterous Man who has been evicted from his wife is bound.॥3॥
Check at https://www.vedyog.net/mantra_atharvaveda.php?id=12139
striyo ratnānyatho vidyā dharmaḥ śaucaṃ subhāṣitam |
vividhāni ca śilpāni samādeyāni sarvataḥ || 240 ||
Verse 2.240
स्त्रियो रत्नान्यथो विद्या धर्मः शौचं सुभाषितम् ।
विविधानि च शिल्पानि समादेयानि सर्वतः ॥ २४० ॥
Wives, gems, learning, virtue, purity, wise saying and the various arts may be obtained from all sources.—(240)
Verse 2.241
अब्राह्मणादध्यायनमापत्काले विधीयते ।
अनुव्रज्या च शुश्रूषा यावदध्यायनं गुरोः ॥ २४१ ॥
abrāhmaṇādadhyāyanamāpatkāle vidhīyate |
anuvrajyā ca śuśrūṣā yāvadadhyāyanaṃ guroḥ || 241 ||
In abnormal times of difficulty learning from a non-Brāhmaṇa has been enjoined, as also the serving of such a teacher, in the shape of following him, during the course of study.—(241)
If needed, one may acquire knowledge from one who is not a Brahmin; and that he shall follow and serve such a teacher, as long as the instruction lasts.
आ समाप्तेः शरीरस्य यस्तु शुश्रूषते गुरुम् ।
स गच्छत्यञ्जसा विप्रो ब्रह्मणः सद्म शाश्वतम् ॥ २४४ ॥
ā samāpteḥ śarīrasya yastu śuśrūṣate gurum |
sa gacchatyañjasā vipro brahmaṇaḥ sadma śāśvatam || 244 ||
Verse 2.244
आ समाप्तेः शरीरस्य यस्तु शुश्रूषते गुरुम् ।
स गच्छत्यञ्जसा विप्रो ब्रह्मणः सद्म शाश्वतम् ॥ २४४ ॥
ā samāpteḥ śarīrasya yastu śuśrūṣate gurum |
sa gacchatyañjasā vipro brahmaṇaḥ sadma śāśvatam || 244 ||
The Brāhmaṇa who, till the dissolution of his body, serves his teacher, goes forthwith to the eternal abode of brahman.—(244)
Verse 2.245 (no fees for brahmin teacher)
न पूर्वं गुरवे किं चिदुपकुर्वीत धर्मवित् ।
स्नास्यंस्तु गुरुणाऽज्ञप्तः शक्त्या गुर्व्र्थमाहरेत् ॥ २४५ ॥
na pūrvaṃ gurave kiṃ cidupakurvīta dharmavit |
snāsyaṃstu guruṇā’jñaptaḥ śaktyā gurvrthamāharet || 245 ||
At first the pupil, knowing his duties, should not give anything to his teacher; but when going to take the final bath, he should, on being ordered by the teacher, present something for him, to the best of his capacity;—(245)
Manu Smriti 2.28:
स्वाध्यायेन व्रतैर्होमैस्त्रैविद्येनेज्यया सुतैः ।
महायज्ञैश्च यज्ञैश्च ब्राह्मीयं क्रियते तनुः ॥ २८ ॥
svādhyāyena vratairhomaistraividyenejyayā sutaiḥ |
mahāyajñaiśca yajñaiśca brāhmīyaṃ kriyate tanuḥ || 28 ||
The body is rightfully called Brahmin only through the study of scriptures, discipline (vratair), noble, selfless deeds, the study of duties, science and meditation, charity, and goal-oriented actions.
This body is made godly,—by a thorough study of the three Vedas, by Observances, by libations, by offerings, by children, by the Great Sacrifices and by the Sacrifices. (28)
‘Vrataiḥ’—(a) ‘The particular observances kept by the student while studying particular portions of the Veda (Medhātithi, Govindarāja and Nārāyaṇa);—‘the voluntary restraints, such as abstention from honey, meat and such things’—(Kullūka and Rāghavānanda)—‘such observances as the Prājāpatya penance’ (Nandana).
हीनाङ्गानतिरिक्ताङ्गान् विद्याहीनान् वयोऽधिकान् ।
रूपद्रविणहीनांश्च जातिहीनांश्च नाक्षिपेत् ॥ १४१ ॥
hīnāṅgānatiriktāṅgān vidyāhīnān vayo’dhikān |
rūpadraviṇahīnāṃśca jātihīnāṃśca nākṣipet || 141 ||
He shall not insult those who have redundant limbs, or those who are deficient in limbs, or those destitute of learning, or those who are far advanced in age, or those destitute of beauty or wealth, or those of low birth.—(141)
Verse 3.1
षट् त्रिंशदाब्दिकं चर्यं गुरौ त्रैवेदिकं व्रतम् ।
तदर्धिकं पादिकं वा ग्रहणान्तिकमेव वा ॥ १ ॥
ṣaṭ triṃśadābdikaṃ caryaṃ gurau traivedikaṃ vratam |
tadardhikaṃ pādikaṃ vā grahaṇāntikameva vā || 1 ||
Duties relating to the Three Vedas should be observed under the Preceptor for thirty-six years, or for half that period, or for a quarter, or precisely till they have been got up.—(1)
entire Veda should be acquired by means of particular austerities and several observances prescribed by Injunctions’ (2.165)
Verse 4.150 (worship of fathers)
सावित्रान् शान्तिहोमांश्च कुर्यात् पर्वसु नित्यशः ।
पितॄंश्चैवाष्टकास्वर्चेन्नित्यमन्वष्टकासु च ॥ १५० ॥
sāvitrān śāntihomāṃśca kuryāt parvasu nityaśaḥ |
pitṝṃścaivāṣṭakāsvarcennityamanvaṣṭakāsu ca || 150 ||
On special days, he shall always offer the oblations to Savitṛ, and also the Pacificatory Oblations; on the “Aṣtakas” and on the “Anvaṣṭakas” he shall always worship the Pitṛs.’—(150)
Āpastamba Dharmasūtra (1.37.2).—‘Far away from the dwelling-house, to the south or to the south-west of it, he shall perform urination and the evacuating of the bowels.’
Verse 4.160
सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वमात्मवशं सुखम् ।
एतद् विद्यात् समासेन लक्षणं सुखदुःखयोः ॥ १६० ॥
sarvaṃ paravaśaṃ duḥkhaṃ sarvamātmavaśaṃ sukham |
etad vidyāt samāsena lakṣaṇaṃ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ || 160 ||
All that is dependent on others is painful; all that is dependent on oneself is pleasing; he shall know this to be, in short, the definition of pleasure and pain.—(160)
This verse deprecates begging. Pain is briefly defined as ‘begging,’ and Pleasure as ‘absence of want’—(‘60)
नास्तिक्यं वेदनिन्दां च देवतानां च कुत्सनम् ।
द्वेषं दम्भं च मानं च क्रोधं तैक्ष्ह्ण्यं च वर्जयेत् ॥ १६३ ॥
nāstikyaṃ vedanindāṃ ca devatānāṃ ca kutsanam |
dveṣaṃ dambhaṃ ca mānaṃ ca krodhaṃ taikṣhṇyaṃ ca varjayet || 163 ||
Verse 4.163
नास्तिक्यं वेदनिन्दां च देवतानां च कुत्सनम् ।
द्वेषं दम्भं च मानं च क्रोधं तैक्ष्ह्ण्यं च वर्जयेत् ॥ १६३ ॥
nāstikyaṃ vedanindāṃ ca devatānāṃ ca kutsanam |
dveṣaṃ dambhaṃ ca mānaṃ ca krodhaṃ taikṣhṇyaṃ ca varjayet || 163 ||
He shall, avoid atheism, cavilling at the Vedas, abusing of the gods, hatred, haughtiness, pride, anger and hastiness.—(103)
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